The Psychology Behind ASMR: Exploring the Research
Not everyone responds to ASMR content. But some people have this response when they listen to certain sounds. But many who do say it makes them less anxious and helps them sleep. However, we still don’t have much evidence about what happens in the brain and the body when this occurs.
What is ASMR?
Research in ASMR has identified some common triggers, including whispering, tapping and crackling sounds. But we can’t say if these sounds would have the same effect on everyone. This is because we’ve evolved to fear what is unpleasant or unexpected, to keep us safe from danger. Almost everyone will jump out of their skins if they experience a sudden and loud sound.
ASMR videos often combine these sounds with video and role play known as “personal attention”. This means treating the camera like it is the viewer, speaking and interacting directly with it, and even simulating activities such as brushing hair or applying makeup to the viewer.
ASMR vs. Frisson
Some argue that ASMR is simply an example of frisson (French for “shiver”). This is when an intense emotional stimulus - such as a tender moment in a movie - triggers tingling or gives us “the chills”. However, the sense of awe or inspiration felt during a frisson experience is brief, (typically 4-5 seconds).
The Science of ASMR
More than a dozen studies have reported on how the brain behaves during ASMR. Studies looking at the body’s response during ASMR experiences have had similarly mixed results. But the findings across them are inconsistent and many have a very small number of participants or no comparison group, so we can’t draw conclusions. However, we still don’t know precisely how ASMR works to induce positive emotions. Some research has suggested “expectancy effects” could play a role.
Potential Factors Influencing ASMR Response:
- Age and Personality: Studies have found those who respond are typically younger, experience more negative emotions, and are more introverted and critical.
- Social and Erotic Aspects: Another theory is that the social or erotic aspects of ASMR videos are a more important trigger than sounds or other stimuli - basically, that it is a kind of sexual arousal.
Therapeutic Applications and Limitations
Without being able to identify universal triggers, it’s also difficult to apply ASMR as an evidence-based tool in therapy. To date, there are no clinical trials that link ASMR with short- or long-term therapeutic effects. So, there’s no harm in ASMR if it helps you relax.